Abstract: This paper expounds the definition, characteristics, advantages and current development status of smart grids, analyzes the basic concepts, technical systems, application scopes of electrical engineering automation as well as its application and actual effects in traditional power grids, conducts an in-depth study on the specific application of electrical engineering automation in smart grids, and looks forward to its development prospects in the field of smart grids, In addition, this article also conducts in-depth discussions on how electrical engineering automation can be deeply integrated with traditional power grids, contributing to the ultimate promotion of the efficient development of the energy system and the prosperity of the social economy. Read More

Abstract: This study investigates the ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) in a polycrystalline dual-phase γ-TiAl alloy through a novel variable-depth, variable-speed scratch testing approach. Continuous grooves (0–40 μm) were created at scratching speeds of 500–4000 mm/min using a diamond conical indenter, with in-situ cutting forces monitored via a Kistler dynamometer and surface morphologies captured using synchronized 3D optical and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results delineate three distinct deformation regimes: (1) ductile material removal (< 6–7 μm), characterized by smooth surfaces and stable forces; (2) a mixed-mode transition zone (6–14 μm), marked by microcrack initiation and periodic force oscillations; and (3) brittle-dominated fracture (> 14–16 μm), exhibiting extensive cracking and pronounced force fluctuations. Higher scratching speeds amplified force amplitudes and accelerated crack onset. Critical uncut chip thicknesses for DBT onset and completion were quantified at 6–7 μm and 14–16 μm, respectively. This work provides the synchronized mechanical–morphological analysis of DBT in γ-TiAl at the microscale, offering quantitative insights for optimizing high-speed micromachining processes and enhancing surface integrity in aerospace applications. Read More

Abstract: This study takes the bed of a vertical machining center as the research object, conducting static, dynamic, and comparative analyses between basalt fiber reinforced polymer concrete (BFPC) beds and cast-iron beds. Using SolidWorks software, 3D models were created according to the material characteristics of BFPC castings and cast iron. ANSYS software was then employed to perform static and dynamic analyses on both types of beds. Results demonstrate that under identical working conditions, the BFRPC bed exhibits lower deformation than the cast iron bed, effectively increases the natural frequency of the bed structure, and significantly reduces dynamic response when subjected to external excitation. Read More

Abstract: Carbon fiber composite materials have been widely used in the aerospace field. However, traditional milling processes struggle to meet their machining requirements. To achieve high-quality milling of carbon fiber composites, a compact sandwich transducer suitable for ultrasonic machining and capable of generating large amplitudes was proposed. Firstly, the basic dimensions of the stepped horn were designed based on wave propagation theory. Subsequently, a transducer model was established using Abaqus software, and modal analysis along with harmonic response analysis were conducted to verify the theoretical design. Finally, an experimental platform was built to perform impedance analysis and amplitude testing on the fabricated transducer. The results show that its maximum longitudinal output amplitude is 7.384μm. Its performance meets the requirements of most ultrasonic milling applications, thereby validating the correctness of the design methodology. Read More

Abstract: Digital twins as virtual replicas that synchronise with physical assets through sensor data and simulations are emerging as transformative tools for water utilities. They offer the ability to monitor infrastructure in real time, predict system behaviour and optimise operations across the entire water cycle. This review critically examines the architectures used in digital twins for water utilities, the workflows employed for model calibration and the benefits measured in empirical studies. A systematic literature search identified journal articles and conference papers on digital twins in water distribution, supply and wastewater systems. Empirical case studies were analysed to extract information on system architectures, data integration methods, calibration techniques and quantitative performance metrics. Results show that typical architectures comprise multi‑layered structures integrating physical sensors, communication networks, data repositories, simulation engines and user interfaces. Calibration workflows use hydraulic models (EPANET), data assimilation techniques and machine‑learning algorithms such as temporal graph convolutional networks to align the digital model with sensor observations. Measured benefits include high prediction accuracy (R² up to 0.972 and MAE values around 0.011 for pump speed estimation improved leak detection and energy savings. However, challenges remain regarding data quality, computational demands and organisational readiness. The review concludes that digital twins hold great promise for resilient and sustainable water utilities but broader adoption will require standardised frameworks, capacity building and robust evaluation of socio‑economic impacts. Read More

Abstract: With the increasing adoption of electric vehicle (EV) wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, its electromagnetic environment and potential safety impacts on humans, particularly those with medical implants, have become a critical research concern. This study investigates the uncertainty in electromagnetic exposure safety within EV-WPT systems through systematic modeling and quantitative analysis. First, an EV-WPT system model including the vehicle, transmitting/receiving coils, and ferrite shielding layer was constructed, while a human body model with key organs (brain, heart, lungs, etc.) and a coronary stent was developed using COMSOL finite element simulations. Second, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was introduced to quantify uncertainties in the maximum induced electric field within the human body, considering variations in coil lateral offset, vertical offset, coil spacing, and human position. Results show that under these uncertainties, there is a 32.5% probability that the maximum induced electric field exceeds the ICNIRP 2010 safety limit (11.5 V/m), with significantly higher risks when the human body is located outside the vehicle. This research provides theoretical guidance for electromagnetic safety protection design in EV-WPT systems and offers important implications for ensuring charging safety in populations with medical implants. Read More

Abstract: As a kind of energy dissipation and vibration reduction equipment with simple structure, stable performance and cost economy, the metal damper shows many advantages. Its working principle is based on the hysteretic energy dissipation characteristics of metal materials in the process of plastic deformation. Through this characteristic, the energy is converted into equivalent damping force, and then the vibration reduction target is realized. This study first reviews the basic principles, classification and development of metal dampers, and then focuses on the progress of several typical metal dampers for in-depth discussion, and summarizes the results of theoretical research and type innovation practice. In view of the existing deficiencies in this field, several potential research directions are proposed. Read More

Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization, in the field of modern construction engineering, especially in the deep foundation pit support system, the requirements for deformation control of foundation pit are constantly improving, and the focus of foundation pit support is also more biased towards stiffness control under the condition of engineering safety. Compared with the traditional concrete support, the fish-bellied prestressed steel support system is composed of fish-bellied prestressed steel support, corner brace, brace, triangular connecting member and vertical column. As a kind of assembled large stiffness internal support system, it has obvious advantages in safety, excavation space, convenient disassembly and assembly, construction period, economy and green environmental protection, and is widely used. In order to understand the research progress of existing scholars on fish-bellied prestressed steel support, this paper first summarizes the research and application status of common assembled horizontal support and assembled vertical support structure, and summarizes the shortcomings of current research. Through in-depth research on existing literature, patents, specifications and standards, the research status of fish-bellied prestressed steel support is emphatically analyzed. The basic principle, force transmission system and application status of fish-bellied prestressed steel support system are introduced. So as to reveal the variation law of support structure stress and foundation pit displacement. Summarize the shortcomings of the system research, and give targeted suggestions and future research directions Read More

Abstract: Section milling of high-strength casings in deep and ultra-deep wells faces significant challenges, including excessive cutting forces, rapid tool wear, and inefficient chip removal. This study proposes a novel cutting performance enhancement method through systematic optimization of the single-tooth rake angle. A 3D explicit dynamic finite element model was developed to simulate orthogonal cutting of P110 casing, validated by lathe experiments with triaxial force measurements. Results demonstrate that a rake angle of γ = 0° optimally balances cutting efficiency and chip control: it minimizes tangential and radial cutting forces, generates short C-shaped chips with 93% mud-carrying efficiency, and eliminates tool jamming risks. Negative rake angles (γ ≤ -2°) produced problematic continuous or powdery chips, while positive angles increased force variability. The 0° configuration reduced specific cutting energy and enhanced tool stability, directly contributing to extended tool life and operational safety. This work provides a foundational strategy for designing next-generation section milling tools targeting high-strength wellbore applications. Read More

Abstract: As a core component in oil drilling operations, the derrick structure of a drilling rig traditionally relies on manual handling during assembly and disassembly, which is complex, inefficient, and poses significant safety risks. To enhance the level of automation, this paper proposes a machine vision-based method for pose recognition of pin shafts in derrick structures. A structured light camera is employed to capture on-site 3D point cloud data, which is then aligned with pre-defined workpiece templates for recognition. The registration process begins with a coarse alignment using the Sample Consensus Initial Alignment (SAC-IA) algorithm based on Fast Point Feature Histograms (FPFH), followed by fine pose estimation through the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm accelerated by a KD-tree structure. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed system in identifying and locating typical components. This method offers reliable technical support for the automated assembly and disassembly of derrick structures and holds promising value for engineering applications. Read More