Abstract: Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) coatings are amorphous carbon-based thin films composed of randomly mixed sp¹, sp², and sp³ hybridized carbon. They combine the high hardness of diamond and the low friction property of graphite, with performance regulated by the sp³/sp² ratio. Widely used in fields such as mechanical processing, they can address key issues in tool surface modification. This paper reviews its research status: in terms of structure, it includes two core models and two categories (a-C:H, a-C); preparation focuses on PVD (including HiPIMS) and CVD (PE-CVD); aiming at common issues like high internal stress, it summarizes optimization methods such as element doping, which requires balancing stress and hardness. The paper concludes with an outlook on the development trends of preparation technologies and application prospects in tools, providing a reference for industrial optimization. Read More

Abstract: This paper systematically studies the automation adaptation technology of power detection equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles, with a focus on the full-process technical implementation from infrared temperature measurement to intelligent defect identification. This paper first reviews the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, the evolution of power detection technology, and the current research status of automation adaptation technology. Secondly, the composition and functions of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) power detection equipment was elaborated in detail, and the principles of infrared temperature measurement (including the basic principles of infrared thermal imaging) and intelligent defect recognition (covering defect feature extraction and classification methods) were analyzed in depth. At the technical implementation level, the software system development plan was focused on, including key links such as the selection of the operating system. The accuracy of the temperature measurement data was verified through infrared temperature measurement experiments, and the performance of the automation adaptation was systematically tested. The test results show that the technical solution can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of power detection. Finally, this paper summarizes the research results and practical application value, points out the deficiencies of the existing technology, and looks forward to the future research direction. This study provides important technical references and practical guidance for the intelligent application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in power line inspection. Read More

Abstract: This work systematically reviews the current status and development trends of autonomous vehicle chassis domain control systems across three dimensions: architecture, algorithms, and verification techniques. During the transformation toward intelligent vehicles, the limitations of traditional distributed electronic/electrical architectures in enhancing advanced autonomous driving capabilities have become apparent, prompting both industry and academia to shift focus toward the evolution of centralized domain control architectures. This study delves into the technical drivers and challenges underlying the evolution of chassis domain control systems from distributed to domain-centralized architectures. Building upon this foundation, it further explores the emerging trend toward zonal architecture. The study emphasizes hardware-software co-design strategies compliant with AUTOSAR standards. Through in-depth investigation and comprehensive evaluation, it conducts a holistic comparative analysis of traditional control methods—such as model-based predictive control and sliding mode control—alongside data-driven deep reinforcement learning strategies, examining their performance limits and application prospects within integrated vehicle chassis control systems. Finally, it systematically summarizes verification methodologies based on high-fidelity simulation (e.g., CARLA) and hardware-in-the-loop testing. This research aims to fill the current gap in integrating system-level architecture theory, providing a comprehensive technical blueprint and theoretical foundation for developing next-generation high-performance, high-safety intelligent chassis control systems. Read More

Abstract: Raked wingtips are widely used on passenger aircraft, but their potential application for low-speed aircraft such as sailplanes is less explored. Since wingtip treatments like winglets are commonly used on sailplanes, a raked wingtip can also be an alternative. In this study, the aerodynamic efficiency increase resulting from applying a raked wingtip to high-aspect-ratio sailplane wings, as well as the effectiveness of modern lifting line theory in optimizing the wingtip treatment design, were investigated. By conducting Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations on a GPU, the optimal raked wingtip configuration with a 25-degree leading-edge sweep angle was determined. The performance of the optimized raked wingtip is also compared with the baseline wing, baseline wing with a potential optimal winglet, and an extended wing. The results show that the optimal raked wingtip can improve the lift-to-drag ratio by nearly 2%, while the improvement of the selected winglet is only about 0.5%. Visualization of the flow field indicates that both the raked wingtip and the winglet can reduce the wingtip vortex. However, although the winglet can redirect the flow at the wingtip, the corner generates interference drag. Furthermore, the modern lifting line theory (implemented on the MachUpX program) was applied to optimize the raked wingtip and the winglet. For the raked wingtip, this theory can predict the general trend of the lift coefficient versus the sweep angle, but is unreliable in predicting the drag. For the winglet, the optimization effectiveness is limited due to its failure to simulate the complex 3D effect. The findings suggest that the raked wingtip is promising for sailplane applications, while also providing a general guideline for using modern lifting line theory to optimize raked wingtip and winglet design. Read More

Abstract: With the ever-growing demand for miniaturized and high-precision device manufacturing in fields such as electronics, semiconductors, new energy, and medical equipment, traditional machining methods are confronted with bottlenecks like limited precision and severe thermal damage in microscale structure fabrication. Laser machining has emerged as a preferred technique for processing fine structures (e.g., micro-grooves) due to its high energy density, excellent focusing performance, and controllability. However, the thermal damage issue associated with conventional dry laser machining restricts its application expansion. Water-mediated laser machining technology effectively overcomes this limitation by leveraging the dual functions of water (cooling and slag removal), and it has evolved into three mainstream technical routes: water-guided laser machining, water-jet assisted laser machining, and underwater laser machining. This paper systematically reviews the research status and limitations of traditional laser machining, focuses on elaborating the principles, research progress, and application bottlenecks of the three water-mediated laser machining technologies, deeply analyzes the regulation mechanisms and forming laws of liquid layer parameters in underwater laser machining, and finally prospects the future development directions of this field. It aims to provide a reference for the research and engineering application of high-quality, low-damage micromachining technologies. Read More

Abstract: The RV reducer is a critical transmission component in industrial robot joints, whose bearing system’s mechanical performance directly affects the overall machine’s lifespan and reliability. This study establishes a complete static model of the RV reducer, incorporating deformation compatibility conditions and force equilibrium equations. Through numerical simulation, the effects of manufacturing errors and key structural parameters on bearing forces are analyzed. The results show that radial and angular errors significantly alter the load distribution on the crankpin bearings, increasing the force amplitude, while having minimal impact on the output bearings. Increasing the eccentricity reduces the maximum bearing force, whereas variations in the pin gear center circle radius have a relatively minor influence on the force trends. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design and performance optimization of RV reducers. Read More

Abstract: As a novel energy storage device combining high energy and power density advantages, zinc-ion capacitors demonstrate broad application potential in large-scale energy storage and wearable electronics. MXene, a representative two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride, is considered an ideal material for constructing zinc-ion capacitor electrodes due to its excellent conductivity, tunable interlayer spacing, and abundant surface functional groups. This paper systematically reviews the preparation techniques of MXene-based electrodes, performance optimisation strategies and their research progress in zinc-ion capacitors. It first introduces the fundamental properties of MXene materials, focusing on the preparation methods and structural characteristics of pure MXene electrodes, MXene-based binary and multi-component composite electrodes, and flexible MXene electrodes.Subsequently, strategies for optimizing MXene-based electrode performance are explored in depth. Building upon this foundation, practical application advancements of MXene-based electrodes in zinc-ion capacitor energy storage devices are summarized. Finally, potential future research directions are proposed to address the challenges still facing MXene-based electrodes. Read More